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Manawatū and Horowhenua places: Between Rangitīkei and Ruahine

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Kimbolton and environs Kimbolton is the largest centre in the former Kiwitea county. This occupied the north-west part of Manawatū, between the Rangitīkei and Ōroua rivers. In 2006 this district had a population of 1,410.

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Canterbury places: Kaiapoi district

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Waikuku Farming locality 16 km south of Amberley and 33 km from Christchurch, with a 2006 population of 786. An increase from 540 people in 1991 indicates the town’s popularity with Christchurch commuters. A rope and twine works, which initially used flax from ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Manawatū and Horowhenua region: Facts and figures

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Land area Manawatū and Horowhenua: 4,031 sq km New Zealand: 268,690 sq km Climate (Palmerston North) (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research data, 1971–2000) Mean temperature, January: 17.9&...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Manawatū and Horowhenua places: Palmerston North

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

The largest centre of Manawatū, Palmerston North city is 140 km north-east of Wellington and 546 km south of Auckland, with a 2006 population of 75,543. Beginnings Until 1866 it was a clearing, known as Papaioea, in the...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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South Canterbury region: Timaru and its port

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

As South Canterbury’s only city and port, Timaru dominates the region. Early European history Brothers William and George Rhodes founded the Levels run in 1851. They used the sheltered shore at Timaru, the site of an abandoned whaling station, to land stores ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Coat of arms

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

New Zealand’s coat of arms features a Māori warrior and a European woman facing one another on either side of a British crown and a shield with symbols of New Zealand’s identity. The first New Zealand coat of arms was introduced in 1911, but many departments continued to use the ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Constitution

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Unlike most countries’ constitutions, New Zealand’s is not contained in one document, but is made up a variety of laws, legal judgments and conventions. This means the country’s constitution can be changed comparatively easily, but that flexibility gives New Zealand’s ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Judicial system

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Despite having its own courts since 1840, New Zealand’s judicial system didn’t become entirely independent until 2003, when the Supreme Court replaced the British Privy Council as New Zealand’s court of final appeal.

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Presbyterian Church

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

The Presbyterian Church came to New Zealand with settlers from Scotland, rather than missionaries. Presbyterians were once thought of as dour, in part because of their stance against alcohol and their strict observance of the Sabbath. The church’s reforming ideals meant it was often ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Hawke’s Bay region: European contact

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

First contact Captain James Cook sailed the Endeavour into Hawke Bay (which he named after the British First Lord of the Admiralty) in October 1769. Captain and crew remained on board, but some Mā...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Hauraki–Coromandel places: Mercury Bay

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Mercury Bay Mercury Bay was named by Captain James Cook to mark the place where his expedition observed the transit of the planet Mercury in 1769. Bicentennial celebrations took place in 1969. A line of islands straddles the entrance to Mercury Bay. Mahurangi Island (Goat Island...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Bay of Plenty places: Ōpōtiki

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Ōpōtiki Town in the eastern Bay of Plenty. Situated 60 km south-east of Whakatāne at the junction of State Highways 2 and 35, it lies in the centre of the traditional tribal area of Te Whakatōhea. In 2006 the population was 4,176, with 57.3% claiming ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Bay of Plenty places: Ōpōtiki–Cape Runaway coast

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Tōrere Coastal settlement 23 km north-east of Ōpōtiki on State Highway 35. It is a centre for the Ngāi Tai people. They have connections to the Tainui tribes through Tōrere, the daughter of Hoturoa, commander of the Tainui canoe. Their lands, ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Bay of Plenty places: Raukūmara Range

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Raukūmara Range The most north-easterly of the ranges of the main dividing range of the North Island. The western slopes of Raukūmara, facing the Bay of Plenty, are still forest-covered, heavily divided by valleys, and marked by the courses of the Waioeka, Rauk...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Manawatū and Horowhenua places: Beneath the Tararua Range

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Linton Locality and railway station on the Wellington–Manawatū rail line, 11 km south-west of Palmerston North. Linton was named after Palmerston North early settler and mayor James Linton, but no township developed. In 1945 Linton military camp was built ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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South Canterbury region: Climate, vegetation and wildlife

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Climate South Canterbury straddles three climatic zones: the Southern Alps, the Mackenzie Basin, and the downlands and coast. The Southern Alps receive heavy rainfall from the west, averaging 4,300 millimetres per year. Summers are mild, with maximum ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Sheep farming: Importance of the sheep industry

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Early importance Sheep farming has been crucial in the development of New Zealand’s economy. The export returns from fine wool grown on the open grasslands of the South Island provided the impetus for economic growth until the 1880s. From 1882, the frozen meat ...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Te whānau tamariki – pregnancy and birth: Rites and baby care

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Whenua – afterbirth The word for the placenta, ‘whenua’, is also the word for land. The umbilical cord close to a baby’s body is the pito. The part nearest the placenta is the rauru, and...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Te whānau tamariki – pregnancy and birth: Baby care, 20th and 21st centuries

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Birth figures Between 2005 and 2007 over 60,000 babies were born in New Zealand. One in five was Māori. In the same period the Māori fertility rate was 2.78 per mother, compared to an overall rate of 2.05. M...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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Pregnancy, birth and baby care: Childbirth, 1950s to 2000s

Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Mood for change From the 1950s social movements arose which challenged the medical profession’s control of childbirth. Critics said that women should be in control of their own childbirths. Parents Centre...

Ministry for Culture and Heritage